Faculty Research & Creative Scholarship 2019: G-H

Journal Title: Feminism & Psychology

Abstract: In this manuscript, the voices of women of size in North America and Finland indicate that there is a shared experience of being fat. Based on cross-cultural analysis of our respective empirical findings, we argue that there is a shared Western fat lived experience that perpetuates a stigmatized gendered landscape of living with a fat body. The emergent themes tended to revolve around two similar contradictions—the phenomenon of hyper(in)visibility and a belief their fatness is a temporary or liminal state—both of which lead to an internalization of fat hatred. We argue that these findings stem from the tremendous stigma and mistreatment that both samples of women face in their daily lives. The present study contributes to the literature by addressing two research lacunas: 1) the lack of cross-cultural research in fat studies; and 2) the limited mainstream feminist research from the perspective of fat women.
Author: Jeannine A. Gailey, Associate Professor, Sociology & Anthropology

Description: As the largest employer of one of the world’s leading economic and geo-political superpowers, the history of the federal government’s workforce is a rich and essential tool for understanding how the “Great Experiment” truly works. The literal face of federal policy, federal employees enjoy a history as rich as the country itself, while reflecting the country’s evolution towards true democracy within a public space. Nowhere is this progression towards democracy more apparent than with its internal race relations. While World War II was a boon to black workers, little is known about the nuanced, ongoing struggles for dignity and respect that black workers endured while working these “good, government jobs.” American Dream Deferred challenges postwar narratives of government largess for African Americans by illuminating the neglected stories of these unknown black workers.
Author: Frederick W. Gooding, Jr., Assistant Professor of African American Studies

Journal Title: Inorganic Chemistry

Abstract: Macrocyclic ligands have been explored extensively as scaffolds for transition metal catalysts for oxygen and hydrogen atom transfer reactions. C−C reactions facilitated using earth abundant metals bound to macrocyclic ligands have not been well-understood but could be a green alternative to replacing the current expensive and toxic precious metal systems most commonly used for these processes. Therefore, the yields from direct Suzuki−Miyaura C−C coupling of phenylboronic acid and pyrrole to produce 2-phenylpyrrole facilitated by eight high-spin iron complexes ([Fe3+L1(Cl)2]+, [Fe3+L4(Cl)2]+, [Fe2+L5(Cl)]+, [Fe2+L6(Cl)2], [Fe3+L7(Cl)2]+, [Fe3+L8(Cl)2]+,[Fe2+L9(Cl)]+, and [Fe2+L10(Cl)]+) were compared to identify the effect of structural and electronic properties on catalytic efficiency. Specifically, catalyst complexes were compared to evaluate the effect of five properties on catalyst reaction yields: (1) the coordination requirements of the catalyst, (2) redox half-potential of each complex, (3) topological constraint/rigidity, (4) N atom modification(s) increasing oxidative stability of the complex, and (5) geometric parameters. The need for two labile cis-coordination sites was confirmed based on a 42% decrease in catalytic reaction yield observed when complexes containing pentadentate ligands were used in place of complexes with tetradentate ligands. A strong correlation between iron(III/II) redox potential and catalytic reaction yields was also observed, with [Fe2+L6(Cl)2] providing the highest yield (81%, −405 mV). A Lorentzian fitting of redox potential versus yields predicts that these catalysts can undergo more fine-tuning to further increase yields. Interestingly, the remaining properties explored did not show a direct, strong relationship to catalytic reaction yields. Altogether, these results show that modifications to the ligand scaffold using fundamental concepts of inorganic coordination chemistry can be used to control the catalytic activity of macrocyclic iron complexes by controlling redox chemistry of the iron center. Furthermore, the data provide direction for the design of improved catalysts for this reaction and strategies to understand the impact of a ligand scaffold on catalytic activity of other reactions.
Author: Kayla Green, Associate Professor, Bio-inorganic Chemistry

Journal Title: Inorganica Chimica Acta

Abstract: Herein we describe the synthesis, characterization, and role of three dichloric iron(III) complexes, [L1Fe(III)(Cl)2]ClO4 (L1Fe), [L2Fe(III)(Cl)2]ClO4 (L2Fe), and [L3Fe(III)(Cl)2]ClO4 (L3Fe) [L1 (Pyclen) = 1,4,7,10-tetra-aza-2,6-pyridinophane; L2 = 1,4,7,10-tetra-aza-2,6-pyridinophane-14-ol; L3 = 1,4,7,10-tetra-aza-2,6-pyridinophane-13-ol, in the coupling of pyrrole and phenylboronic acid to form 2-phenylpyrrole. The oxidation- and spin state of the iron complexes were characterized using X-ray crystallography, UV–vis absorbance spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and mass spectrometry. Electrochemistry results rank ligand L1–L3 as moderate tetra-azamacrocycle donors to iron between cyclen and Me2EBC-12. Characterization of the iron(III) complexes and subsequent catalytic testing indicates that the complexes enter the C–C coupling catalytic cycle in the high-spin iron(III) oxidation state. Furthermore, the results indicate that the iron(III) complexes are essential for catalytic and regioselective production of the 2-phenylpyrrole product.
Author: Kayla Green, Associate Professor, Bio-inorganic Chemistry

Journal Title: Nano Research

Abstract: In this work, we utilize a bottom-up approach to synthesize nitrogen self-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs) from a single glucosamine precursor via an eco-friendly microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. Structural and optical properties of as-produced NGQDs are further modified using controlled ozone treatment. Ozone-treated NGQDs (Oz-NGQDs) are reduced in size to 5.5 nm with clear changes in the lattice structure and ID/IG Raman ratios due to the introduction/alteration of oxygen-containing functional groups detected by FTIR and further verified by EDX showing increased atomic/weight percentage of oxygen atoms. Along with structural modifications, GQDs experience decrease in UV-visible absorption coupled with progressive enhancement of visible (up to 16 min treatment) and NIR (up to 45 min treatment) fluorescence. This allows fine-tuning optical properties of NGQDs for solar cell applications yielding controlled emission increase, while controlled emission quenching was achieved by either blue laser or thermal treatment. Optimized Oz-NGQDs were further used to form a photoactive layer of solar cells with a maximum efficiency of 2.64% providing a 6-fold enhancement over untreated NGQD devices and a 3-fold increase in fill factor/current density. This study suggests simple routes to alter and optimize optical properties of scalably produced NGQDs to boost the photovoltaic performance of solar cells.
Author: Kayla Green, Associate Professor, Bio-inorganic Chemistry

Journal Title: Communication & Sport

Abstract: Recognizing the need for a more nuanced measure of sport fanship, this study utilizes an experiment to better understand the construct of sport fanship, comparing a common sport fanship measure and an adapted, objective measure of sport knowledge. This experiment also extends exemplification theory into the novel context of sports media by examining how one individual difference—domainspecific knowledge and interest in the subject—influences perceptions formed through a common message type, a sports highlight reel. Exemplification effects in the form of exaggerated football plays did indeed alter perceptions of the athlete despite concrete sport statistics depicting the athlete modestly. Interestingly, while the two concepts were positively correlated, they did not act uniformly. High knowledge sports fans were less swayed by exaggerated sports highlight exemplars when compared to their low knowledge counterparts while high and low fans categorized by self-identified interest did not affect the perceptions of the on-screen athlete. Thus, this study contributes to current research by expanding exemplification theory and furthering the multidimensional perational understanding of sport fanship. Additional findings and future research directions are discussed.
Author: Dustin A. Hahn, Assistant Professor, Film, Television and Digital Media

Description: This 60-second spot was created for a non-profit (church) for a program they sponsor to encourage healthy marriages and families. This was spot was played prior to feature films at local movie theaters. This video won Best of Competition in the 2018 Festival of Media Arts.
Creator: Dustin A. Hahn, Assistant Professor, Film, Television and Digital Media

Journal Title: Geology

Abstract: Mobilistic plate-tectonic interpretation of Precambrian orogens requires that two conjoined crustal blocks may derive from distant portions of the globe. Nonetheless, many proposed Precambrian cratonic juxtapositions are broadly similar to those of younger times (so-called “strange attractors”), raising the specter of bias in their construction. We evaluated the possibility that the Congo and Kalahari cratons (Africa) were joined together prior to their amalgamation along the Damara-Lufilian-Zambezi orogen in Cambrian time by studying diabase dikes of the Huila-Epembe swarm and sills in the southern part of the Congo craton in Angola and in Namibia. We present geologic, U-Pb geochronologic, and paleomagnetic evidence showing that these two cratons were directly juxtaposed at ca. 1.1 Ga, but in a slightly modified relative orientation compared to today. Recurring persistence in cratonic connections, with slight variations from one supercontinent to the next, may signify a style of supercontinental transition similar to the northward motion of Gondwana fragments across the Tethys-Indian oceanic tract, reuniting in Eurasia.
Author: Richard E. Hanson, Harold D. and Imogene Herndon Professorship in Geology, Geological Sciences

Journal Title: Kairos: A Journal of Rhetoric, Technology, and Pedagogy

Introduction: Most scholarly works published in digital forms reprise the written essay: They may be unconstrained by publisher's desires for page limits, but otherwise they are often so bound to the pseudo-printed form as to be published online as PDF documents, paginated and static. Despite the promise of many disruptive technologies for collaboration, annotation, open peer review, and the integration of multimedia, relatively few literature and humanities journals operate with these mechanisms. In December 2015, the Digital Humanities Quarterly issue 9.4, "Comics as Scholarship" released. Edited by Roger Whitson and Anastasia Salter, the issue included six pieces in a range of comic formats, each reflecting in its own way on the very nature of comics as a scholarly practice. The journey to make the issue started many years before, in an informally-gathered THATCamp (a digital humanities "unconference," or informal networking and collaboration-focused gathering) session of comics enthusiasts. This piece is a documentation of what happened between those two moments, told by the editors and contributor Jason Helms.
Author: Jason Helms, Associate Professor, English

Journal Title: Kairos: A Journal of Rhetoric, Technology, and Pedagogy

Abstract: This webtext reflects on the methods used to create and rationale for my digital monograph, including a reflection on the book and my writing processes, a detailed timeline toward its publication, and recommendations for authors of similar projects. I argue that writers of digital scholarly monographs must pay special attention to the eventual form of their work at every stage, from writing a proposal to eventual publication.
Author: Jason Helms, Associate Professor, English

Journal Title: Evolutionary Psychology

Abstract: The human menstrual cycle is characterized by substantial variability both within and between women. Here, we sought to account for such variability by examining whether human menstrual cycle frequency varies as a function of the projected fitness payoffs associated with investment in mating effort. We used structural equation modeling to test the prediction that women whose environmental conditions or life histories favor heavier investment in mating effort would have shorter, more regular cycles. Results supported our hypothesis, revealing that women who project more mating success and have faster life history strategies exhibit greater mating effort and shorter, more regular menstrual cycles. An alternative model that specified cycle frequency as a predictor of mating effort was a poor fit for the data, lending support for the hypothesized directionality of the path between these variables. Together, these results provide some of the first empirical evidence that the length and regularity of the human menstrual cycle may be calibrated to investment in mating effort.
Author: Sarah E. Hill, Associate Professor, Psychology

Journal Title: Health Psychology

Abstract: Objective: The current research examined whether cognitive schemas that emerge in the context of early life stress predict psychological and behavioral outcomes that increase obesity risk. Three studies tested this hypothesis, predicting that having an unpredictability schema—which is a mindset characterized by the belief that the world and the people in it are unpredictable and unreliable—would predict low body awareness and eating in the absence of hunger. Method: Self-report measures of early life environment, unpredictability schema, body awareness, and eating habits were used in Studies 1–3. Blood glucose and an eating task were used as objective measures of energy need and energy intake in Study 3. Results: In Study 1, low childhood socioeconomic status (SES), parenting inconsistency, and poor childhood neighborhood quality predicted having an unpredictability schema, which predicted lower body awareness. In Study 2, participants with an unpredictability schema were found to have lower body awareness, less mindful eating, and more self-reported eating in the absence of hunger. In Study 3, the pattern of results from Studies 1 and 2 were conceptually replicated using a laboratory eating task. Participants with an unpredictability schema had lower body awareness, which predicted eating in the absence of hunger. Conclusions: These results suggest that having an unpredictability schema may be an important predictor of low body awareness and eating in the absence of hunger. Although eating in the absence of hunger may have historically promoted survival in circumstances marked by unpredictability, they may contribute to obesity risk in contemporary food-rich environments.
Author: Sarah E. Hill, Associate Professor, Psychology

Journal Title: College English

Opening Paragraph: A few years ago, I was conducting archival research at the headquarters of Alpha Delta Pi, a national historically white sorority that is part of the National Panhellenic Conference (NPC). The archivist and I were chatting when I recalled aloud there being some controversy as to which was the first national sorority. The distinctions are fine: Alpha Delta Pi, founded in 1851 as The Adelphean Society, was the first secret society for women; Pi Beta Phi, founded as I. C. Sorosis in 1867, was the first secret society for women modeled after Greek fraternities; Kappa Alpha Theta was the first begun with Greek letters in 1870; and Gamma Phi Beta was the first to use the term “sorority” in 1882 (women’s fraternity was used before then). As a member of Alpha Delta Pi myself, this was not news: our tagline “First, Finest, Forever” was constantly and consistently reinforced. These claims of origin were serious to many members, as conveyed by lore shared by the archivist: apparently the game show Jeopardy! once gave an answer clue about the first sorority, and “What is Alpha Delta Pi?” was not the question. An alum contacted the show, as it was important to clarify and maintain the status as first.
Author: Charlotte Hogg, Associate Professor, English

Journal Title: Geological Society of America Bulletin

Abstract: Pb isotope data from over 2400 detrital K-feldspars in >50 modern sands sampled across the Mississippi-Missouri River drainage basin of North America have been collected in order to construct the first basin-wide provenance model using geochemical signals in a framework, rather than an accessory, mineral. This study represents a critical initial step in understanding the long-term routing of framework sand grains through the Mississippi-Missouri River drainage basin.

Four unique Pb isotopic groups, otherwise petrographically and geochemically indistinguishable, are identifiable. Source comparisons reveal two groups corresponding to the Archean Superior and Wyoming terranes to the north of the catchment. The remaining two Pb groups represent a mixture of Appalachian, Grenville and older Granite-Rhyolite, and Yavapai-Mazatzal sourced-grains in the east of the catchment, with noteworthy input from Cenozoic volcanic rocks along the western fringe of the catchment to tributaries west of the Mississippi River, confirming prior assertions of zircon recycling in the lower drainage basin.

Tracing suites of Pb isotopic groups provide a detailed map of previously undocumented tributary mixing and reveals the importance of long-lived, naturally formed impoundments in the Upper Mississippi River, which locally sequester and release sand. Tentative proportioning of sediment contributions to the terminus of the Mississippi River from individual tributaries produces similar results to recent U-Pb zircon models, boding well for the use of framework grain based modeling of sediment fluxes.

The study is the largest application of Pb-in-K-feldspar fingerprinting to date and advocates its potential as a new and necessary tool for constraining relative source contributions to sinks—which will have wide applicability—especially if combined with provenance information from detrital grains of varying resilience, within large drainage systems.
Author: John Holbrook, Professor, Geological Sciences

Summary: Mud‐dominated point bars are widely accepted as recording deposition by tidal influence, bar tails or counter point bars. Less understood are muddy point bars that lack these depositional origins and otherwise have the geometry of more traditional sandy point bars. This study seeks the cause of these ‘muddy‐normal’ point bars by field examination of a point bar with features and architecture consistent with sandy deposits but containing mud‐dominated internal lithofacies. This study examines a point bar in Late Cretaceous fluvial strata of the Dinosaur Park Formation in the Steveville badlands of Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta. Strikes and dips, palaeocurrents, photo panoramas and stratigraphic columns are used to determine accretion trajectories and lithologic trends throughout the bar with a focus on sand vs. mud accretion and its relation to accretion trajectory. The point bar alternates between sand‐dominated and mud‐dominated accretion sets, with mud comprising over 50% of the point bar by volume. Accretion sets are defined by consistency in accretion dips. Both mud and sand beds within accretion sets have current ripples and cross sets indicative of deposition by transport. This suggests that the mud layers were deposited by active accretion events and are not simple drapes. Muddy accretion sets consistently have orientations reflecting bar translation (parallel with palaeodip) and sandy accretion sets consistently have orientations consistent with bar expansion (normal to palaeodip). These data suggest that the muddy vs. sandy accretion sets record toggling between sand‐favouring bar expansion and mud‐favouring translational growth vectors. This bar toggle explains how to generate a mud‐dominate point bar with general lobate geometry without imposing tidal drivers, bar abandonment, or asserting a fully counter‐point‐bar interpretation. This toggling between expansion and translation records periodic upstream to downstream shift in the point of attachment for flow momentum to the cutbank that is probably caused by unstable flood discharge trends over the life of the bar. Bar toggle should be considered a growth vector option for point bars along with more established translation and expansion. The point bar also has a strong palaeoseismic imprint in the form of liquefaction features and a large lateral spread near the tip that is contemporary with late bar growth. The source of this earthquake is uncertain but could record a currently unrecognised intraplate earthquake source or, intriguingly, could be associated with the nearby Bow City impact structure which occurred in the same time frame.
Author: John Holbrook, Professor, Geological Sciences

Abstract: Understanding prey selectivity by carnivorous plants has increased in the three decades since the publication of The Carnivorous Plants by Juniper et al., but progress has been uneven across the various genera. We now know that there is prey selectivity in Nepenthes and Drosera but there is significant disagreement as to whether selectivity exists in other genera. Much remains to be done for other taxa and to test results from prior studies that rely only on correlative data.
Author: John Horner, Professor, Biology

Journal Title: Health Literacy Research and Practice

Abstract: Valid and reliable instruments are needed to assess health literacy in children. Although the Newest Vital Sign (NVS) has been well established for use in adults, reports of its use in children have only recently received attention in the literature. Whereas some researchers have reported successful use of the NVS in children as young as age 7 years, others have suggested it is best used in children age 10 years and older. This analysis reports on the performance of the NVS in children age 7 to 13 years, adding to the growing evidence related to the use of the NVS in pediatric populations. Overall, children in this sample performed poorly on the NVS, which refutes previous reports. Differences in child samples and NVS administration procedures may provide some explanation for the lower-than-anticipated NVS performance in this sample. Interpreting the NVS based on educational standards and expectations may provide additional information to determine age-appropriate recommendations for NVS use in children.
Author: Carol J. Howe, Assistant Professor, Nursing

Journal Title: Health Literacy Research and Practice

This article is a reply to a "Letter to the Editor" written by Dr. Barry Weiss from the journal Health Literacy Research and Practice (vol.3,no.1) regarding the article, "Poor Performance of Children Age 7 to 13 Years on the Newest Vital Sign" which was previously published in Health Literacy Research and Practice (vol.2,no.4).
Author: Carol J. Howe, Assistant Professor, Nursing

Journal Title: Issues in Mental Health Nursing

Abstract: The treatment of mental illness is often done on a trial-and-error basis and achieving therapeutic benefits from a medication is not always guaranteed. Pharmacogenomics explores the role of gene–gene interactions and interindividual responses to a drug and may be promising in the guidance of pharmacotherapeutic options. In the present study, the impact of pharmacogenomic testing in management of mental health medication was investigated. Participants were identified at a local outpatient mental health facility through convenience sampling. Retrospective chart review included medication history, adverse drug reactions, pharmacogenomic history, and demographic data including insurance coverage. Chart review focused on six months pre- and post-pharmacogenomic for a comparison with the patient serving as their own control. Results indicate a high incidence of alterations in two specific cytochrome enzymes, CYP2D6 and CYP2C19. In total, 82% of the sample had variations with CYP2D6, while 64% of individuals had variations with CYP2C19. In total, 91% of patients tested received Medicaid or Medicare. Post-pharmacogenomic testing, all patient drug regimens were modified, and all reported less adverse side effects. Moreover, advanced practice nurse providers educated patients about the availability of genetic testing, initiated testing and provided care based on findings. These results demonstrate the utility of genetic testing in the realm of mental health. Future directions involve further exploring the benefits of pharmacogenomic testing in this vulnerable population.
Author: Lynnette L. Howington, Director, Administrative and Clinical Affairs-Nursing and Assistant Professor of Professional Practice, Nursing

Journal Title: AACN Advanced Critical Care

Abstract: Since the successful completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003, extensive genomic research has continued to alter pathophysiology at the molecular level. This research includes investigation of the specific receptors and metabolizing enzymes in drug pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, specifically the cytochrome P450 system located primarily in the liver. In this article, pharmacogenomics and the role of the cytochrome P450 system in metabolism of various drugs are discussed. Specifically, drugs that are used in the critical care setting and are of clinical significance to the bedside critical care nurse are examined.
Author: Lynnette L. Howington, Director, Administrative and Clinical Affairs-Nursing and Assistant Professor of Professional Practice, Nursing

Journal Title: Journal of Curriculum and Pedagogy

Abstract: This paper posits a move “toward the concrete” as a specific combination of curriculum studies and Cultural Studies, placing it squarely within the frames of postqualitative research (Lather & St. Pierre, 2013; St. Pierre, 2011, 2013b, 2014). In addition to examining the theoretical legacies of the aforementioned fields, this paper focuses on four areas, posited by Helfenbein (2003), in which Cultural Studies can inform postqualitative educational research: materialism, (anti)antiessentialism, social constructivism, and radical contextuality. In doing so, this paper contends that for researchers, a sound theoretical base is needed if one is to engage in postqualitative research and offers toward the concrete as one such possibility.
Author: Gabriel Huddleston, Assistant Professor and Advisor of Curriculum Studies

Journal Title: Taboo: The Journal of Culture and Education

Abstract: Popular culture can be used as an apparatus of diffraction, in order to understand the complicated entanglements within both the object and in connection to other elements of society. This article posits that the television drama Mad Men is an ideal apparatus of diffraction of the role of teacher, making that assertion collaboratively between the co-authors, demonstrating how popular culture continues to diffract, even when it is “held” from different angles. This article initially reads disjointed as the authors’ work
is intercut strategically but not necessarily coherently. By using popular culture as an apparatus of diffraction, the authors become implicitly implicated in a larger entanglement; in this case, between the authors, Mad Men, and education. With your reading, the entangled web is extended, and the authors hope further understanding can be gleamed.
Author: Gabriel Huddleston, Assistant Professor and Advisor of Curriculum Studies

Description: This landmark study explores replication as a nineteenth-century phenomenon. Replication, defined by Victorian artists as subsequent versions of a first version, similar but changed, occurred in art, literature, the press, merchandising, and historical reproductions in architecture and museums. Replication also shaped scientific concepts in biology and geology and scientific practices in laboratories that repeated experiments as part of the scientific method. Fourteen case studies map a range of nineteenth-century replication practices and associations across art, literature, science, media and material culture. While replication stirred imaginations as well as anxieties over the industrialisation that produced a modern mass culture, Replication in the Long Nineteenth Centurysuggests, nonetheless, that this phenomenon is a forerunner of our contemporary digital culture.
Editor: Linda K. Hughes , Addie Levy Professor of Literature, English

Journal Title: The Tennyson Research Bulletin

Opening Paragraph: My title may seem unexpected, even oxymoronic. Though recent essays by Rebecca Stott and Jane Wright challenge critical orthodoxy, prevailing scholarly opinion about the first long poem that Tennyson published remains heavily influenced by Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick's 1985 chapter on the poem in Between Men. Sedgwick asserts that The Princess 'begins with the astonishing vision of a feminist separatist community, and ends with one of the age's definitive articulations of the cult of the angel in the house'. As she more provocatively adds, 'it was the peculiar genius of Tennyson to light on the tired,' moderate, unconscious ideologies of his time and class, and by the force of his investment in them, and his gorgeous lyric gift, to make them sound frothing-at-the-mouth mad' (Sedgwick 119-20). Nonetheless, I explore the generosity of Tennyson's imagination in two respects. In Part I, I examine the unusual production and distribution of Tennyson's five new versions of The Princess from 1847 to 1853 which demonstrates the fecundity of his imagination both in itself and allied to new technologies. This line of argument draws from my chapter on The Princess in Replication in the Long Nineteenth Century: Re-makings and Reproductions (2018), which I have co-edited with.Julie Codell. Thanks to emergent technologies and the proliferating copies they generated, replication was a specifically nineteenth-century phenomenon, one that lies behind replications in our current digital era. In Part II, I turn to the intersection of The Princess with nineteenth-century women; specifically, I examine the reception of the poem by nineteenth-century transatlantic feminists, who more typically perceived generosity than oppression in Tennyson's imaginative vision of university women.
Author: Linda K. Hughes, Addie Levy Professor of Literature, English